The conditions of a person’s comfort during a long (more than 20-22 hours) stay in closed inhabited premises are largely determined by the air regime of the building. The building’s air mode is the general process of air exchange between all its rooms and the outside atmospheric air, which at present can not be considered perfectly clean , since we are forced to breathe an aerosol of very complex composition in the form of a mixture of gases, vapors and solid dust particles, as well as microorganisms. Despite the ever-increasing pollution, atmospheric air is self-cleaning due to winds and precipitation in the form of rain and snow, therefore its chemical composition remains relatively constant.
Indoors, due to the presence of people (their breathing, sweat and its decomposition products), as well as their activities, the air quality is constantly changing : temperature and humidity increase, heavy ions accumulate , oxygen content decreases , and oxygen content increases the content of carbon dioxide and volatile products of human metabolism, called Dubois Raymond anthropotoxins at the end of the 19th century. According to E. B. Borovik, in 1973, Pauling et al. Identified 400 substances contained in exhaled air, of which carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, ammonia, aliphatic hydrocarbons, amines, ketones, phenol are of the greatest importance. , creosol, acetone, hydrogen sulfide , alcohols, fatty acids, formaldehyde, acetic acid, nitrogen oxides, methanol, indole, scatol, benzene, toluene, etc.
In addition to anthropotoxins, which account for ≈ 21% of the total pollution, the indoor air is polluted due to the emission of chemicals from building materials, polymer finishing materials, paints, varnishes, linoleum, chipboard, fiberboard, etc., and also the products of gas stove gas combustion , vapors and odors when cooking, washing clothes, room dust, dust from radiators, etc. In addition to all the above-mentioned causes and sources of air pollution, there are significant there is Exposure to extreme likelihood of the spread of pathogens of infectious diseases invariant of purulent wounds, with po- pregnant underwear, secretions from infected patients (IOC company, urine, vomit and stool), nasopharyngeal, and skin of patients and staff. In addition, vapors and gases of narcotic anesthetics (in operating rooms ), ozone, nitrogen oxides (in PTO rooms), antibiotic hydrosols and other drugs can enter the air in some functional areas of hospitals .
Prolonged inhalation of such air, called “bad”, “stale”, “heavy”, “spoiled”, “bad”, imperceptibly undermines human health, causes headache, apathy, lethargy, loss of appetite, etc. However, even if air satisfies all the requirements of physical properties and chemical composition; it will be declared unsuitable if it has an unpleasant odor that has a painful effect on a person. In hospitals, when the resistance of the patient’s body to the effects of adverse factors is reduced, the poor quality of the air environment significantly increases the cure time, is a risk factor for respiratory, heart, and kidney diseases, and causes and spreads inside hospital infections ( especially airborne) and purulent-septic complications, the frequency of which in the absence of ventilation can reach 20-30% or more, but decreases sharply in the presence of rational air exchange.