It was previously emphasized that the characteristic manifestations of neurosis are autonomic disorders and sleep disorders. All this leads to the fact that patients primarily turn to neuropathologists. Neurological analysis is necessary in the presence of pseudo- neurological symptoms (motor and sensory), also widely represented in this group of patients. Symptoms of increased neuromuscular irritability in the form of generalized hyperreflexia of tendon and skin reflexes, Khvostek symptom , proboscis reflex, which cannot be attributed to a local, topical lesion of the nervous system, can be attributed to fairly characteristic manifestations of neurosis . Quite traditional is the view of the absence of neuroses with clear organic disorders from the nervous system, which is reflected in the principle of diagnosing neuroses as diseases without an organic substrate, which is widely used in practice. However, recent careful neurological studies have shown that with neurosis in a sufficient number of observations, cerebral insufficiency is also detected. The latter can be detected by clinical and paraclinical (PEG, EEG, arteriography ) methods. All this allowed us to propose a neurological classification of neuroses, indicating the presence of transitional groups between neuroses and neurosis-like states. The specified classification consists of 4 groups: 1) neurosis, in which the indicated methods cannot be detected, cerebral organic insufficiency; 2) neurosis, rupture is not corrected by patients and are used to prevent imaginary misfortune. Neurotic syndromes are obsessive- phobic or phobic-obsessive in nature. They are combined with asthenic manifestations described with neurasthenia. Characteristic is the development of this form of neurosis against the background of psychasthenic character traits (self-doubt, indecision, suspiciousness, timidity, increased sensitivity). Hysteria (hysterical neurosis). Hysteria is characterized by the presence of emotionally-affective, pseudo – neurological and vegetovisceral disorders. The former are typically characterized by a lack of depth, demonstrativeness , simplicity of experiences and their certain situational conditioning. They are manifested by mood swings, asthenic, phobic , hypochondriacal disorders. Pseudo-neurological disorders occupy an important place in the clinic of hysteria. Recently, views on reducing the frequency of these disorders in hysteria have become traditional. Experience in a neurological clinic indicates their high frequency. Unfortunately, we have to admit that they, as a rule, are considered for a long time in the framework of organic disease. These include motor disorders (paralysis, paresis, impaired coordination when walking, sitting, standing, performing special tests, hyperkinesis), double vision (often monocular diplopia); speech disorders (aphonia, mutism , stuttering), sensitive disorders (hypesthesia, anesthesia, hyperesthesia, paresthesia), convulsive seizures of a clonic- tonic nature. Often these disorders are preceded by hysterical “stigmas” – difficulty swallowing due to a constant “lump in the throat”, hoarse voice during unrest, fleeting visual or hearing impairment. The features of all these pseudo -neurological symptoms are the absence of objective neurological disorders, the predominant involvement of the left half of the body, the inclusion of “paralyzed” parts of the body in integral motor acts, especially the topography of sensitive disorders (hypesthesia or anesthesia with a middle line border, “amputation” nature of the disorders, persistent pain in both halves of the face). Often noted the dynamic nature of these symptoms, their intensification in certain situations. There are observations where pseudo-neurological disorders occur against the background of existing or existing in the past, failure of the nervous system (hysterical lower paraplegia in a patient who underwent surgery to remove a spinal cord tumor several years ago, etc.). Hysterical hibernation is also characteristic. Patients are in a state of behavioral sleep for several hours or days. They cannot be awakened, however, there are no signs of sleep during an EEG study, and activity characteristic of wakefulness is recorded. Typical increases in these states of blood pressure, a rise in body temperature, and an increase in heart rate. When trying to examine the pupils, the eyeballs are taken up. Thus, the features characteristic of physiological sleep are absent. Vegetovisceral disturbances are also expressed , which are in the nature of permanent autonomic dystonia and autonomic-vascular crises. The personality traits of patients with hysteria are impressionability, suggestibility and self-suggestibility , selfishness, self-centeredness , the desire to attract attention, and often a certain “artistic” personality. Among hysteria patients, women predominate. Neurological problems of neurosis. It was previously emphasized that the characteristic manifestations of neurosis are autonomic disorders and sleep disorders. All this leads to the fact that patients primarily turn to neuropathologists. Neurological analysis is necessary in the presence of pseudo- neurological symptoms (motor and sensory), also widely represented in this group of patients. Symptoms of increased neuromuscular irritability in the form of generalized hyperreflexia of tendon and skin reflexes, Khvostek symptom , proboscis reflex, which cannot be attributed to a local, topical lesion of the nervous system, can be attributed to fairly characteristic manifestations of neurosis . Quite traditional is the view of the absence of neuroses with clear organic disorders from the nervous system, which is reflected in the principle of diagnosing neuroses as diseases without an organic substrate, which is widely used in practice. However, recent careful neurological studies have shown that with neurosis in a sufficient number of observations, cerebral insufficiency is also detected. The latter can be detected by clinical and paraclinical (PEG, EEG, arteriography ) methods. All this allowed us to propose a neurological classification of neuroses, indicating the presence of transitional groups between neuroses and neurosis-like states. The specified classification consists of 4 groups: 1) neurosis, in which the indicated methods cannot be detected, cerebral organic insufficiency; 2) neurosis that developed against the background of residual , persistent, non-progressive brain failure (residual effects of past neuroinfections , traumatic brain injuries, dysraphic status, compensated hypertensive hydrocephalic syndrome); 3) neurosis (neurotic syndromes) that arose against the background of a current neurological disease (hypothalamic insufficiency, vestibulopathy , epilepsy). The analysis of this group is the most difficult. Charcot also described hysteroepilepsy , in which epileptic and hysterical attacks separately occurred in the same patient or succeeded each other in the picture of a general attack. Then, against the background of the brilliant development of the doctrine of epilepsy, the tendency was to interpret all functional disorders in this disease as neurosis-like , and finally, in recent years, capital research has reappeared, which showed the possibility of the coexistence of epileptic and neurotic disorders in one patient; 4) pseudo-neurotic or neurosis-like syndromes in organic neurological and somatic diseases. This classification is intended to emphasize a number of important points: 1) the diagnosis of neurosis cannot be rejected when focal neurological symptoms are detected; 2) the criteria for the diagnosis of neurosis lie in the field of identifying important psychological factors ( trauma , personality traits, mental conflict); 3) the study of the role and interaction of organic and neurotic syndromes is essential; 4) when treating a patient, it is important to consider all aspects of the pathological process. First of all, we will discuss the role of detectable brain failure in the genesis and course of neurotic syndromes. An analysis of them allowed us to come to an assessment of two factors: the topics of the lesion and its intensity. In practice, all neurological disorders in neurosis reflect the insufficiency of the rinencephalic- hypothalamic stem structures, i.e., deep brain formations, functionally united by the concept of limbicoreticular complex. In this case, as a rule, we are talking about a fairly light brain organic pathology. The whole experience of clinical neurology indicates the absence of neurotic syndromes with gross local brain damage, which protects against the appearance of reversible neurotic disorders. Thus, cerebral insufficiency in neurosis is characterized by mild damage to certain structural units of the limbicoreticular complex. Extensive experience has been gained with respect to clinical phenomenology in the defeat of these brain structures designated by Konorski (1970) as “emotional brain”. One of the leading manifestations in this case are emotional and personality disorders. In this regard, the hypothesis arises that this cerebral dysfunction is an additional factor in the formation of personality traits and the nature of the emotional response, which are an important part of the pathogenesis of neurosis. One might think that under the influence of a significant traumatic factor, neurosis can occur both in people with and without a cerebral organic disposition . The randomness of the combination of neurotic and epileptic syndromes emphasizes the well-known fact about the increase in epileptic manifestations against the background of successful treatment of neurosis and vice versa. Analysis of neurological disorders in neurosis is important for the purpose of diagnosis, understanding the pathogenesis and prescribing complex therapy for this disease.