It includes four groups of events: architectural and planning; sanitary facilities; sanitary and anti-epidemic; disinfection and sterilization.
Architectural and planning measures are aimed at preventing the spread of pathogens by distance or the so-called. “Black and white” separation of planning zones of hospitals. The distance principle is implemented by functional zoning of both the hospital as a whole and its units, with the isolation of varying degrees of isolation.
Sanitary measures include a rational ventilation device. The organization of rational air exchange and ventilation of the building is of great importance in the prevention of nosocomial infections. Maintaining the optimal air balance for the inflow and exhaust, taking into account the cleanliness of the rooms, conditioning the microclimate parameters, preparing and cleaning the air supplied to the operating rooms and other rooms of the medical buildings that are equivalent to them, using laminar installations to create sterile areas are important components in the complex of effective measures for the prevention of nosocomial infections.
In addition, the epidemiological well-being in the hospital is possible only with the uninterrupted operation of the plumbing and sewage systems, heat, cold and energy supply systems, lighting, and the proper condition of construction structures.
Disinfection and sterilization measures are aimed at the destruction of nosocomial pathogens in the nosocomial environment.
Disinfection is the destruction of pathogenic and conditionally pathogenic microorganisms on surfaces (floors, walls, door handles, switches, window sills, etc.), on hard furniture, surfaces of apparatuses, appliances, equipment, in indoor air, on dishes, underwear, medical devices and patient care items, sanitary equipment, in the discharge of patients, biological fluids, as well as on the surface of the surgical field and the hands of personnel.
Sterilization is the destruction of all types of microorganisms, including spores, on products and in medical devices.
Disinfection and sterilization measures are carried out using mechanical treatment (washing, wet cleaning, washing, vacuum cleaning, ventilation, ventilation), as well as chemical disinfectants and physical methods that have a bactericidal effect (high temperature, water vapor under excessive pressure) , ultraviolet irradiation, ultrasound, microwave fields) and their combinations (wet cleaning followed by ultraviolet irradiation). Medical devices used for invasive procedures or manipulations in which damage to the mucous membranes is possible, after each application
The nerves are subjected to a three- stage treatment – disinfection, pre-sterilization preparation (cleaning) and sterilization, the last two stages being carried out in the central sterilization department of the hospital.