The infectious diseases department, which is part of a large multidisciplinary hospital, should be located in a separate multi-story building at a distance of at least 500 meters from the residential area and at least 30 meters from non-infectious buildings. Each floor is intended for only one infection, while patients with airborne diseases should be placed on the upper floors of the building.
Independent infectious hospitals (mostly children) are located on their own land plots with a pavilion development system; each building is intended for hospitalization of patients with the same diseases. In the territory of the infectious diseases hospital (building), an area for infectious patients is isolated from other areas of the stripe of green spaces, with a separate entrance (entrance) and a covered area for disinfection of vehicles.
When designing and building infectious departments, the following tasks are to be addressed:
• prevention of nosocomial infections;
• elimination of the possibility of infection being transferred outside the department (hospital);
• prevention of infection of medical personnel.
In connection with these tasks, the internal layout of the infectious departments has certain features, the essence of which is the need to organize not only the treatment of patients, but also their isolation (strict separation of patients with various infectious diseases), as well as the creation of conditions for separate sanitary treatment of patients, for disinfection of premises, linen, equipment, discharge of patients and vehicles. When planning the infectious departments, the shortest and most direct routes for the movement of patients, things and vehicles should be provided. The most favorable is single-corridor one-sided building.
Isolation of patients is achieved by placing them in boxes, half-boxes and in sections with boxed wards. In hospitals with a capacity of up to 60 beds, all patients are placed in boxes or semi-boxes; with a hospital capacity of up to 120 beds, 50% of patients are allowed to be placed in boxed wards .
At the entrance to the infectious ward, a sanitary inspection room for personnel should be equipped.
Infectious patients are admitted strictly individually in specialized boxes (box area 16 m 2 ), the number of which should correspond to the number of infections and the hospital bed capacity.
The department with a capacity of 30 to 60 beds should have 2 reception and viewing boxes, from 60 to 100 beds – 3 boxes, more than 100 beds – 3% of the total number of beds. After thermometry, inspection and sanitization, patients are admitted to the appropriate department, and the box is disinfected.
Patients with a mixed infection, an unclear diagnosis or with especially dangerous diseases immediately go to individual diagnostic rooms, the so-called. complete “Meltzer” boxes for the period necessary to clarify the diagnosis (on average 5 days), or for treatment. This box is a room area of 22 m 2 on the bed 1 and 27 m 2 to 2 bed; it contains: an external vestibule for the hospitalization of the patient and his subsequent discharge; ward with a bathroom (bath and toilet); the gateway connecting the boxing chamber to the hospital corridor.
The gateway has two tightly closing doors, and if one door is open, the other must be closed; this prevents the transmission of a drip infection. He plays the role of the so-called. “Bactericidal lock”, and for air sanitation it is equipped with bactericidal lamps. A doctor, nurse, and nurse enter the boxing through the gateway. It is equipped with a hanger for bathrobes, a wash basin, there are disinfectants. In the wall next to the lock, a glazed window is arranged for monitoring the patient and a cabinet window for the transfer of food, linen, and medicines.
The half-box consists of the same rooms as the box, but does not have an external vestibule. Patients and staff enter it through a gateway from the corridor. It has the same area as the box (1 bed – 22 m 2 , on the bed 2 – 27 m 2 ). Typically, patients with the same diseases of low contagiosity (mumps, scarlet fever, diphtheria, gastrointestinal infections) are placed in semi-boxes.
In the infectious ward consisting of chambers, the main number of beds is recommended to be located in boxed chambers with glazed partitions for 1-2 beds. Such a chamber differs from a half-box by the absence of a bathroom and the entrance to the restroom from the airlock. In each ward section, it is necessary to have a full set of service rooms (treatment room, pantry, dining room, bathroom). Sanitary treatment of patients is carried out in the sanitary inspection room at the section.
In order to isolate each department should have two entrances, one of which is intended for sick and infected things, and the second – for staff, food delivery and medication.
comrade Premises for discharge from semi-boxes and chambers should be separate for each department (area 8 m 2 ).
For processing dishes, a room is allocated next to the pantry.
The composition and area of the main rooms of the infectious department are given in the assignment for independent work of students.