All hospitals provide work, night and emergency lighting two- x systems (combined general and Noah), as well as emergency lighting following premises: operational units, labor wards, dressing, mani- population-wide, treatment, receiving department, points Neot false aid, laboratory urgent analyzes, posts of duty nurses, some technical services.
Evacuation lighting is provided in wards, corridors, lobbies, main walkways and stairs. General artificial lighting should be in all, without exception, rooms. To illuminate individual functional areas and workplaces, in addition, local lighting is arranged. Artificial lighting of the premises of the hospitals is carried out by fluorescent lamps and incandescent lamps. General lighting fixtures placed on ceilings should be with solid (closed) diffusers.
For illumination of wards (except for children’s and psychiatric ones) , wall-mounted combined lighting fixtures (general and local lighting) should be used , installed in each bunk at a height of 1.7 meters from the floor level. Each chamber should also have a special night light installed in a recess near the door at a height of 0.3 meters from the floor. In children’s and psychiatric wards, night-time lighting fixtures for chambers are installed in niches above doorways at a height of 2.2 meters from the floor level (they must be additionally protected from possible damage).
In medical examination rooms, it is necessary to install wall lights for examining the patient. In operatsi- onnyh general illumination fluorescent lamps is created (at least 400 lux) and localized lighting the operative field – with special shadow-free, or outboard peredvizh- GOVERNMENTAL lamps ranging from 3,000 to 10,000 lux at optimum luminance of about 500 cd / m 2 .
For the surgeon’s vision, not so much the brightness of the surgical wound as the ratio of its brightness to the brightness of neighboring surfaces is of great importance . It is desirable that this ratio does not exceed 1: 2 — optimal or 1: 3. If the wound is surrounded by a white sheet, then the ratio of brightness between them is 0.15: 0.8 = 1: 5.3, which can cause visual discomfort. When illumination of 10,000 lux, brightness of the white sheet is 2600 cd / m 2 , m. E. Outside the spectator Tel’nykh comfort. That is why many hospitals use operating linen and robes painted in greenish-blue or green with a reflection coefficient of 0.3 (30%). In addition to lower brightness, these colors are complementary to the color of blood, which is why light-absorbing elements of the retina relax and restore their properties when translating vision from a wound to an ambient background.